Muslims remained suspicious of philosophical enquiry. Kalam, rather than philosophy became the most important subject in the madrassahs. Reviewed by Nazeer Ahmed[1] In Chapter 2, The Rise and Decline of Science in Islamic Civilization, Professor Ayub Omayya presents an incisive historical analysis of science and culture in Islamic societies. He observes that “the rise of … Continue reading A Book Review of Intellectual Achievements of Muslims by Ibrahim B. Syed (2)